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Black metal
Black metal is an extreme subgenre and subculture of heavy metal music. Common traits include fast tempos, shrieking vocal style,heavily distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, raw (lo-fi) recording, unconventional song structures and an emphasis on atmosphere, though many different characteristics and techniques may be employed. Artists often appear in corpse paint and adopt pseudonyms.
During the 1980s, several thrash and death metal bands formed a prototype for black metal.〔 This so-called ''first wave'' included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Mercyful Fate, Hellhammer and Celtic Frost. A ''second wave'' arose in the early 1990s, spearheaded by Norwegian bands such as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Burzum, Gorgoroth, Immortal and Emperor. The early Norwegian black metal scene developed the style of their forebears into a distinct genre. Norwegian-inspired black metal scenes emerged throughout Europe and North America, although some other scenes developed their own styles independently. Some prominent Swedish bands spawned during this second wave. Bands such as Marduk, Nifelheim and Dark Funeral are notable examples.
Initially a synonym for "Satanic metal," black metal is often met with hostility from mainstream culture, due to the actions and ideologies associated with it. Many artists express extreme anti-Christian and misanthropic views, advocating various forms of Satanism or ethnic paganism. In the 1990s, members of the scene were responsible for a spate of church burnings and murders. There is also a small neo-Nazi movement within black metal, although it has been shunned by many prominent artists.〔 Generally, black metal strives to be inaccessible to the mainstream and those who are not committed.
== Characteristics ==
Although ''contemporary black metal'' typically refers to the Norwegian style with shrieking vocals and raw production, the term has also been applied to bands with widely differing sounds.〔〔''Emperor''. In: Jon Kristiansen: ''Metalion: The Slayer Mag Diaries''. Brooklyn, NY: Bazillion Points Books 2011, p. 274.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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